第三节 学习利用连词扩充句子的长度与内容
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第三节 学习利用连词扩充句子的长度与内容
现在,我们已经清楚地了解了单句的结构,并且可以用语法知识自行造句。接着我们就开始学连词,以延伸或扩展句子的内容。
中文句子可允许双连词的存在,如下例:
因为现在正在下雨,所以我们只好待在家里。
然而在英语句子结构中,两句只能使用一个连词,所以我们不能说:
|Because/As/Since| it is raining now, wo we have to stay home.(×)
因此,如果句首已经有Because、As或Since(均表示“由于”或“因为”),连词so就应删除,反之亦然。
|Because/As/Since| it is raining now, we have to stay home.
(因为现在正下着雨,所以我们不得不待在家里。)
It is raining now, so we have to stay home.
(现在正在下雨,因此我们不得不待在家里。)
同理:连词although(虽然)、even though(虽然)、though(虽然)、even if(即使)与but(但是)也不能并存,否则会造成双重连接的错误句子结构,请参看下例:
Although Mary is pretty, but there is no chemistry between us.(×,Although与but不应并存)
应改为:
Although Mary is pretty, there is no chemistry between us.
(虽然玛丽很美,我俩却没缘分。)
=Mary is pretty, but there is no chemistry between us.
(玛丽很美,不过我俩却没缘分。)
注意:英语中有下列所谓的连接副词,这些副词有连词的意味,却仍是副词而非连词,所以使用时副词后应加逗号,并以分号或句号连接两个句子:
(a)有连词but意思的连接性副词:
however(然而)、nonetheless(但是)
(b)有连词so意思的连接性副词或副词词组:
therefore(因此)、consequently(因此)、as a consequence(因此)、as a result(因此)
(c)有连词and意思的连接性副词或副词词组:
moreover(此外)、furthermore(此外)、in addition(此外)、besides(此外)
The job is difficult, but you should at least give it a try.
=The job is difficu< however, you should at least give it a try.
=The job is difficu< nonetheless, you should at least give it a try.=The job is difficult. However, you should at least give it a try.
=The job is difficult. Nonetheless, you should at least give it a try.
(这工作很困难,不过你至少应试试看。)
John studied very hard, so he passed the test.
=John studied very hard; therefore, he passed the test.
=John studied very hard; consequently, he passed the test.
=John studied very hard; as a consequence / in consequence, he passed the test.
=John studied very hard; as a result, he passed the test.
(约翰很用功,因此他考试及格了。)
Mary sings well, andshe is good at playing the piano.
=Mary sings well; moreover, she is good at playing the piano.
=Mary sings well; furthermore, she is good at playing the piano.
=Mary sings well; in addition, she is good at playing the piano.
=Mary sings well; on top of that, she is good at playing the piano.
(玛丽歌唱得很好,而且她也弹得一手好钢琴。)
Stay away from Paul. He is selfish, and he tends to lie.
=Stay away from Paul. He is selfish; besides, he tends to lie.
(远离保罗。他为人自私,而且他也爱说谎。)
由上得知,我们可借助连词或连接性副词将句子延伸,增加句子的内容,同时也可以奠定写长文的基础。语法学到这个地步我就开始进入每天写日记的阶段,把每天学到的单词、例句及造句的基本语法知识加以结合,再用写日记的形式表现出来。 赖世雄的英语学习法