2014年12月大学英语四级真题及答案解析(卷1)
2014年12月大学英语四级真题及答案解析(卷1)
Part I Writing
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay about a campus activity that has benefited you most. You should state the reasons and write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
Part II Listening Comprehension
© Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C, and D, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
1. A. The woman is fussy about the cleanness of the apartment.
B. He has not cleaned the apartment since his mother's visit.
C. He does not remember when his mother came over.
D. His mother often helps him to clean the apartment.
2. A. The bus stop is only two minutes' walk. B. The running made him short of breath.
C. They might as well take the next bus. D. The woman is late by a couple of minutes.
3. A. She is suffering a pain in her neck. B. She is likely to replace Miss Smith.
C. She has to do extra work for a few days. D. She is quite sick of working overtime.
4. A. Change her job. B. Buy a dishwasher.
C. Open a flower shop. D. Start her own business.
5. A. He forgot where he had left the package. B. He slipped on his way to the post office.
C. He wanted to deliver the package himself. D. He failed to do what he promised to do.
6. A. The speakers do not agree with each other.
B. The woman does not like horror films.
C. The man pays for the tickets as a rule.
D. The speakers happened to meet in the cinema.
7. A. The woman is just as unlucky as the man.
B. The woman is more sensitive than the man.
C. The speakers share a common view on love.
D. The speakers are unhappy with their marriage.
8. A. Preparations for a forum. B. Participants in the forum.
C. Organizers of a forum. D. Expectations of the forum.
Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
9. A. France. B. Scandinavia. C. Russia. D. East Europe.
10. A. More women will be promoted in the workplace.
B. More women will overcome their inadequacies.
C. More women will receive higher education.
D. More women will work outside the family.
11. A. Try hard to protect women's rights.
B. Educate men to respect women more.
C. Help women acquire more professional skills.
D. Spend more time changing women's attitudes.
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
12. A. In a restaurant. B. In a hotel lobby.
C. At the man's office. D. At the woman's place.
13. A. He is the chief designer of the latest bike model.
B. He has completed an overseas market survey.
C. He is the Managing Director of Jayal Motors.
D. He has just come back from a trip to Africa.
14. A. To select the right model. B. To get a good import agent.
C. To convince the board members. D. To cut down production costs.
15. A. His flexibility. B. His vision.
C. His intelligence. D. His determination.
© Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
• Passage One
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.
16. A. How being an identical twin influences one's identity.
B. Why some identical twins keep their identities secret.
C. Why some identical twins were separated from birth.
D. How identical twins are born, raised and educated.
17. A. Their second wives were named Linda.
B. They grew up in different surroundings.
C. Their first children were both daughters.
D. They both got married when they were 39.
18. A. They want to find out the relationship between environment and biology.
B. They want to see what characteristics distinguish one from the other.
C. They want to understand how twins communicate when far apart.
D. They want to know whether twins can feel each other's pain.
• Passage Two
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.
19. A. It is especially attractive to children and the young.
B. It is the first choice of vacationers on the Continent.
C. It is as comfortable as living in a permanent house.
D. It is an inexpensive way of spending a holiday.
20. A. It has a solid plastic frame. B. It consists of an inner and an outer tent.
C. It is very convenient to set up. D. It is sold to many Continental countries.
21. A. A groundsheet. B. A gas stove. C. A kitchen extension. D. A spare tent.
• Passage Three
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.
22. A. It covers 179 square miles. B. It is as big as New York City.
C. It covers 97 square kilometers. D. It is only half the size of Spain.
23. A. Its geographic features attracted many visitors.
B. Its citizens enjoyed a peaceful, comfortable life.
C. It imported food from foreign countries.
D. It was cut off from the rest of the world.
24. A. The fast development of its neighboring countries.
B. The increasing investment by developed countries.
C. The building of roads connecting it with neighboring countries.
D. The establishing of diplomatic relations with France and Spain.
25. A. They work on their farms. B. They work in the tourist industry.
C. They raise domestic animals. D. They make traditional handicrafts.
© Section C
Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.
"Don't take many English courses; they won't help you get a decent job." "Sign up for management classes, so you'll be ready to join the family business when you graduate."
Sound (26) ? Many of us have heard suggestions like these (27) by parents or others close to us. Such comments often seem quite reasonable.
Why, then, should suggestions like these be taken with (28) ? The reason is they relate to decisions you should make. You are the one who must (29) their consequences.
One of the worst reasons to follow a particular path in life is that other people want you to.
Decisions that affect your life should be your decisions—decisions you make after you've considered various (30) and chosen the path that suits you best.
Making your own decisions does not mean that you should (31) the suggestions of others. For instance, your parents do have their own unique experiences that may make their advice helpful, and having (32) in a great deal of your personal history, they may have a clear view of your strengths and weaknesses. Still, their views are not necessarily accurate.
They may still see you as a child, (33) care and protection. Or they may only see your strengths. Or, in some unfortunate cases, they may (34) your flaws and shortcomings.
People will always be giving you advice. Ultimately, though, you have to make your own (35) .
Part III Reading Comprehension
© Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.
For decades, Americans have taken for granted the United States' leadership position in the development of new technologies. The innovations (创新) that resulted from research and development during World War II and afterwards were (36) to the prosperity of the nation in the second half of the 20th century. Those innovations, upon which virtually all aspects of (37) society now depend, were possible because the United States then (38) the world in mathematics and science education.
Today, however, despite increasing demand for workers with strong skills in mathematics and science, the (39) of degrees awarded in science, math, and engineering are decreasing.
The decline in degree production in what are called the STEM disciplines (science, technology, engineering, and math) seems to be (40) related to the comparatively weak performance by U.S. schoolchildren on international assessments of math and science. Many students entering college have weak skills in mathematics. According to the 2005 report of the Business-Higher Education Forum, 22 percent of college freshmen must take remedial (补习的) math (41) , and less than half of the students who plan to major in science or engineering (42) complete a major in those fields.
The result has been a decrease in the number of American college graduates who have the skills, (43) in mathematics, to power a workforce that can keep the country at the forefront (前沿) of innovation and maintain its standard of living. With the (44) performance of American students in math and science has come increased competition from students from other countries that have strongly supported education in these areas. Many more students earn (45) in the STEM disciplines in developing countries than in the United States.
A. accelerating B. actually C. closely D. contemporary
E. courses F. critical G. declining H. degrees
I. especially J. future K. led L. met
M. procedures N. proportions O. spheres
© Section B
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
Ban sugary drinks—that will add fuel to the obesity war
A. On a train last Thursday, I sat opposite a man who was so fat; he filled more than one seat. He was pale and disfigured and looked sick to death, which he probably was: obesity (肥胖症) leads to many nasty ways of dying. Looking around the carriage, I saw quite a few people like him, including a couple of fatty children with swollen cheeks pressing against their eyes. These people are part of what is without exaggeration an epidemic (流行病) of obesity.
B. But it is quite unnecessary: there is a simple idea—far from new—that could spare millions of such people a lifetime of chronic (长期病 ) ill health, and at the same time save the National Health Service (NHS) at least￡14 billion a year in England and Wales. There would, you might think, be considerable public interest in it. This simple idea is that sugar is as good—or as bad—as poison and should be avoided. It is pure, white and deadly, as Professor John Yudkin described it 40 years ago in a revolutionary book of that name. The subtitle was How Sugar Is Killing Us.
C. In its countless hidden forms, in ready meals, junk food and sweet drinks, sugar leads to addiction (瘾) , to hormonal upsets to the appetite, to metabolic (新陈代谢的) malfunctions and obesity and from there to type 2 diabetes (糖尿病) and its many horrible complications, if people really grasped that, they would try to kick the habit, particularly as Britain is the "fat man of Europe". They might even feel driven to support government measures to prevent people from consuming this deadly stuff. Yet so far this idea has met little but resistance.
D. It is not difficult to imagine the vested interests (既得利益集团) lined up against any sugar control—all the food and drink manufacturers, processors, promoters and retailers who make such easy pickings out of the magic powers of sugar. Then there are the liberals, with whom I would normally side, who protest that government regulation would be yet another instance of interference in our lives.
E. That is true, but people should realise that you cannot have a welfare state without a nanny state(保姆国家) , to some degree. If we are all to be responsible for one another's health insurance, through socialised medicine, then we are all closely involved in one another's health, including everyone's eating and drinking. That has already been admitted, finally, with smoking. But it has yet to be admitted with overeating, even though one in four adults in this country is obese and that number is predicted to double by the year 2050. Quite apart from anything else, obesity will cripple the NHS.
F. Recently, though, there have been signs that the medical establishment is trying to sound the alarm. Last month the Academy of Medical Royal Colleges (AMRC) published a report saying that obesity is the greatest public health issue affecting the UK and urging government to do something.
G. The report offers 10 recommendations, of which the first is imposing a tax of 20 percent on sugary drinks for at least a year, on top of the existing 20 percent value-added tax. That at least would be an excellent start. The amounts of sugar in soft drinks are horrifying, and turn straight to fat. As Professor Terence Stephenson, head of the AMRC, has said, sugary soft drinks are "the ultimate bad food. You are just consuming neat sugar. Your body didn't evolve to handle this kind of thing."
H. Precisely. The risks of eating too much fat or salt (which are very different) pale into insignificance compared with the harm done by sugar. And it is everywhere.
I. It is difficult to buy anything in a supermarket, other than plain, unprepared meat, fish or vegetables, that doesn't have a large amount of sugar in it. This has come about because the prevailing scientific views of the 1960s and 1970s ignored the evidence about sugar, and instead saw fat as the really serious risk, both to the heart and other organs, as well as the cause of obesity.
J. The fashion was to avoid fat. But finding that food with much of its fat removed is not very appetising, food producers turned to sugar as a magic alternative flavour enhancer, often in the forms of syrups (糖浆) that had recently been developed from corn, and put it generously into most prepared foods and soft drinks.
K. This stuff is not just fattening. It is addictive. It interferes with the body's metabolism, possibly via the activity of an appetite-controlling hormone. There's plenty of evidence for this, for those who will accept the truth.
L. Theoretically, people ought to make "healthy choices" and avoid overeating. But sugar additives are not easy to identify and are hard to avoid. So the snacking, over-drinking and over-eating that makes people fat is not really their own fault: obesity is in large part something that is being done to them. It should be stopped, or rather the government should stop it.
M. Going round my local supermarket, I am constantly astonished that it is still legal to sell all the poisons stacked high on the shelves. The problem is that they are worse than useless. They are poisonous. They are known to be addictive. They are known to make people obese. And giving small children sweet drinks or bottles of fake juice all day long is nothing less than child abuse.
N. Clearly, the sale of such stuff ought to be illegal. I hate to think of yet more government regulation. But a bit of tax on sweet soda and a little more health education, a bit of cooking in schools and banning vending machines (自动售货机) here and there—as suggested by the AMRC report—is not going to achieve very much. Labelling is quite inadequate. What is needed is legislation banning high levels of sugary syrups used in foods and drinks.
O. In June 2012, the minister for public health said the government was not scared of the food industry and had not ruled out legislation, because of the costs of obesity to the NHS. However, nothing has happened yet. Why not have another Jammie Dodger biscuit and forget about it.
46. Avoiding over-consumption of sugar can improve people's health as well as save medical expenses.
47. Laws should be passed to make it illegal to produce overly sweet foods or drinks.
48. Giving small children sweet juices to drink all the time is equal to child abuse.
49. Looking around, the author found obesity quite widespread.
50. The number of obese people is expected to increase quickly in the next few decades.
51. If people really understood the horrible consequences of sugary foods and drinks, they would support government measures against sugar consumption.
52. It would be a very good beginning to impose an additional tax on sugary drinks.
53. The government has not yet taken any action to regulate sugar consumption although it indicated its intention to do so some time ago.
54. Sugar is far more harmful to health than fat and salt.
55. Consumers of sweet foods are not really to blame because they cannot tell what food is sugary.
© Section C
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
• Passage One
Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.
The rise of the Internet has been one of the most transformative developments in human history, comparable in impact to the invention of the printing press and the telegraph. Over two billion people worldwide now have access to vastly more information than ever before, and can communicate with each other instantly, often using Web-connected mobile devices they carry everywhere. But the Internet's tremendous impact has only just begun.
"Mass adoption of the Internet is driving one of the most exciting social, cultural, and political transformations in history, and unlike earlier periods of change, this time the effects are fully global," Schmidt and Cohen write in their new book, The New Digital Age.
Perhaps the most profound changes will come when the five billion people worldwide who currently lack Internet access get online. The authors do an excellent job of examining the implications of the Internet revolution for individuals, governments, and institutions like the news media. But if the book has one major shortcoming, it's that the authors don't spend enough time applying a critical eye to the role of Internet businesses in these sweeping changes.
In their book, the authors provide the most authoritative volume to date that describes—and more importantly predicts—how the Internet will shape our lives in the coming decades. They paint a picture of a world in which individuals, companies, institutions, and governments must deal with two realities, one physical, and one virtual.
At the core of the book is the idea that "technology is neutral, but people aren't". By using this concept as a starting point, the authors aim to move beyond the now familiar optimist vs. pessimist dichotomy (对立观点) that has characterized many recent debates about whether the rise of the Internet will ultimately be good or bad for society. In an interview with TIME earlier this week, Cohen said although he and his co-author are optimistic about many aspects of the Internet, they're also realistic about the risks and dangers that lie ahead when the next five billion people come online, particularly with respect to personal privacy and state surveillance (监视) .
56. In what way is the rise of the Internet similar to the invention of the printing press and the telegraph?
A. It transforms human history. B. It facilitates daily communication.
C. It is adopted by all humanity. D. It revolutionizes people's thinking.
57. How do Schmidt and Cohen describe the effects of the Internet?
A. They are immeasurable. B. They are worldwide.
C. They are unpredictable. D. They are contaminating.
58. In what respect is the book The New Digital Age considered inadequate?
A. It fails to recognize the impact of the Internet technology.
B. It fails to look into the social implications of the Internet.
C. It lacks an objective evaluation of the role of Internet businesses.
D. It does not address the technical aspects of Internet communication.
59. What will the future be like when everybody gets online?
A. People will be living in two different realities.
B. People will have equal access to information.
C. People don't have to travel to see the world.
D. People don't have to communicate face to face.
60. What does the passage say about the authors of The New Digital Age?
A. They leave many questions unanswered concerning the Internet.
B. They are optimistic about the future of the Internet revolution.
C. They have explored the unknown territories of the virtual world.
D. They don't take sides in analyzing the effects of the Internet.
• Passage Two
Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.
In 1950, a young man would have found it much easier than it is today to get and keep a job in the auto industry. And in that year the average autoworker could meet monthly mortgage (抵押贷款) payments on an average home with just 13.4 percent of his take-home pay. Today a similar mortgage would claim more than twice that share of his monthly earnings.
Other members of the autoworker's family, however, might be less inclined to trade the present for the past. His retired parents would certainly have had less economic security back then. Throughout much of the 1960s, more than a quarter of men and women aged 65 and older lived below the poverty level, compared to less than 10 percent in 2010.
In most states, his wife could not have taken out a loan or a credit card in her own name. In 42 states, a homemaker had no legal claim on the earnings of her husband. And nowhere did a wife have legal protection against family violence.
Most black workers would not want to return to a time when, on average, they earned 40 percent less than their white counterparts (职位相对的人) , while racially restrictive agreements largely prevented them from buying into the suburban neighborhoods being built for white working-class families.
Today, new problems have emerged in the process of resolving old ones, but the solution is not to go back to the past. Some people may long for an era when divorce was still hard to come by. The spread of no-fault divorce has reduced the bargaining power of whichever spouse is more interested in continuing the relationship. And the breakup of such marriages has caused pain for many families.
The growing diversity of family life comes with new possibilities as well as new challenges. According to a recent poll, more than 80 percent of Americans believe that their current family is as close as the one in which they grew up, or closer. Finding ways to improve the lives of the remaining 20 percent seems more realistic than trying to restore an imaginary golden age.
61. What do we learn about American autoworkers in 1950?
A. They had less job security than they do today.
B. It was not too difficult for them to buy a house.
C. Their earnings were worth twice as much as today.
D. They were better off than workers in other industries.
62. What does the author say about retired people today?
A. They invariably long to return to the golden past.
B. They do not depend so much on social welfare.
C. They feel more secure economically than in the past.
D. They are usually unwilling to live with their children.
63. Why couldn't black workers buy a house in a white suburban neighborhood?
A. They lacked the means of transportation. B. They were subjected to racial inequality.
C. They were afraid to break the law. D. They were too poor to afford it.
64. What is the result of no-fault divorce?
A. Divorce is easier to obtain. B. Domestic violence is lessened.
C. It causes little pain to either side. D. It contributes to social unrest.
65. What does the author suggest society do?
A. Get prepared to face any new challenges.
B. Try to better the current social security net.
C. Narrow the gap between blacks and whites.
D. Improve the lives of families with problems.
Part IV Translation
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
大熊猫(giant panda) 是一种温顺的动物，长着独特的黑白皮毛。因其数量极少，大熊猫已被列为濒危物种。大熊猫对于世界自然基金会(WWF) 有着特殊意义。自1961年该基金会成立以来，大熊猫就一直是它的徽标。大熊猫是熊科中最稀有的成员，主要生活在中国西南部的森林里。目前，世界上大约有1000只大熊猫。这些以竹为食的动物正面临许多威胁。因此，确保大熊猫的生存比以往更重要。
答案解析
Part I Writing
行文思路
该题目要求考生介绍自己“受益最大的校园活动”，并阐述原因。根据题目要求，文章的结构可安排如下：
首先引出话题，校园活动各种各样，提出自己受益最大的校园活动；其次通过描述该校园活动的基本情况，结合本身例子，说明自己受益最大的原因；最后总结自己从该校园活动中受益颇多，并鼓励大学生积极参加。
范文赏析
The Most Beneficial Campus Activity
As long as the students enter the university campus, they will encounter varieties of campus activities. I myself have also participated in a lot of activities on campus, among which I find debate competition the most beneficial.
The activity was launched between different majors and all kinds of debate topics are very meaningful. For me, the purpose of the debate competition is not to win, but to work in a group. What matters most is that I have learned gathering background information and practicing the process of debate. Of course, no individual could complete a wonderful debate competition. It's the spirit of teamwork that plays a significant role.
Through these debate competitions, I have developed a confident and optimistic attitude toward life. I hope that more and more students could actively join this activity.
Part II Listening Comprehension
© Section A
Short Conversations
1. W: When was the last time you dusted the apartment?
M: When was the last time my mother came over?
Q: What does the man imply?
答案：B
点睛解析：这题考查的是言外之意。女士问男士上次打扫公寓是什么时候，男士反问女士自己的母亲上次来是什么时候。言外之意是，男士上次打扫公寓是他母亲来的时候，因此选B。
2. W: Hurry up. Mark. There's a bus coming now.
M: Why run? There will be another one in two or three minutes.
Q: What does the man mean?
答案：C
点睛解析：女士催男士快点赶车，男士说：“为什么要跑？再过两三分钟又会来一辆公交车。”言外之意就是他认为他们可以乘下一辆公交车。C所述与此相符，故为答案。
3. M: Laura. It seems that you are up to your neck in work. How come you've been so busy?
W: Miss Smith has asked for a sick leave, and I have to take over her work for a couple of days.
Q：What do we learn about the woman?
答案：C
点睛解析：男士问女士为什么这么忙，女士说史密斯小姐请病假了，自己得接管几天她的工作。C选项中的do extra work“做额外的工作”符合题意。
4. W: Washing dishes at the cafeteria every day is really boring.
M: Why don't you quit and deliver flowers with me?
Q：What does the man suggest the woman do?
答案：A
点睛解析：我们可以听到对话中女士说在餐厅洗盘子很无聊。男士建议她辞职，然后跟他一起送花。所以选A。
5. W: Rod, you said you'd take this package to the post office yesterday.
M: Oh, no, it must have slipped my mind.
Q：What do we learn about the man from the conversation?
答案：D
点睛解析：在对话中可以听到女士责怪男士没有把包裹送到邮局，男士说“...it must have slipped my mind.”意思是他忘了，言外之意就是他答应的事没做到。D所述与此相符，故为答案。
6. M: I'm not surprised that you didn't like that movie. I found it really scary myself.
W: So did I. I don't care much for horror movies as a rule.
Q：What do we learn from the conversation?
答案：B
点睛解析：在这段对话中我们可以听到男士说对于女士不喜欢那部电影并不感到惊奇，因为他也被那部电影吓到了。女士表示同意，并且还说 “我不怎么喜欢恐怖电影”。因此选项B是正确答案。
7. M: My life experience tells me that love is filled with happiness but it hurts you too.
W: Your words remind me of this saying "honey is sweet but the bee stings".
Q：What do we learn from the conversation?
答案：C
点睛解析：对话中男士说他的生活经历让他明白“爱情让人既幸福又痛苦”，女士说男士的话让她想起了一个说法“蜂蜜甜美蜂蜇痛”。因此他俩对爱情的看法是一致的，选项A、C、D的内容并没有明确体现，C所述与题意符合，所以选C。
8. M: How many more chairs should I bring in for the forum, six or seven?
W: Bring in all you can find. I'm expecting at least 20 participants.
Q：What are the speakers talking about?
答案：A
点睛解析：此题答案比较明显，我们可以在对话中听到“How many more chairs should I bring in for the forum, six or seven?”由此可知，选项A符合题意。
© Long Conversations
• Conversation One
M: Do you think there's discrimination against women in England today?
W: Certainly. And not just in education and work either, in many other fields as well. The tax situation for women is very unfair, for example.
M: Are women better off in other countries then?
W: It depends on the country. [9]There's certainly much less discrimination in Scandinavia, and maybe in America, too.
M: Do you think the position of English women will improve?
W: In some ways it will, of course. [10]I'm sure more women will go out to work in the next 20 years. But women have a much greater problem than this to solve.
M: What's that?
W: The problem of men's attitudes. We can earn more money in the future, but I'm not sure we can change men's attitudes. You see, most men really think that women are inferior. Maybe we are physically weaker, but I don't think this means we are inferior. Then there's another problem.
M: Yes?
W: The problem of women's attitudes. Lots of women are unhappy with their present situation, but most of them probably don't want to fight for change. It could be that [11] the women's liberation movement has to spend more time changing women's attitudes than it spends in changing men's.
M: One last question. Some supporters of the women's liberation movement believed that marriages should be abolished. You agree?
W: No, I don't. It can't happen. What may and should happen is that we teach men to spend more time looking after children and doing housework.
9. Where are women said to be less discriminated against?
答案：B
点睛解析：在对话中我们可以听到There's certainly much less discrimination in Scandinavia，所以答案是B。
10. What will happen in England in 20 years according to the conversation?
答案：D
点睛解析：对话中可以听到I'm sure more women will go out to work in the next 20 years.与选项D意思相似，所以选D。
11. What does the woman think the women's liberation movement should do?
答案：D
点睛解析：题目问女士认为妇女解放运动应该做什么。在对话中我们可以听到the women's liberation movement has to spend more time changing women's attitudes，选项D“多花点时间改变女性的态度”为对话中女士所说的话的原词复现。故为答案。
• Conversation Two
M: Cheers, Shirley.
W: Cheers, Paul. (12) What a lovely place for a business lunch. I hope I can concentrate in this heat.
M: I was sure you will when I tell you about my ideas.
W: You know, I must say I was pleased to hear from you. But from what you said on the phone, everything is so sudden.
M: Well, (13) my father-in-law, who is also the Managing Director of Jayal Motors, has given me two weeks to prepare a report on the possibility of moving into the export market.
W: Ah, now, just one thing, Paul. Have you really thought the whole idea through?
M: Of course, I have.
W: (14) Now the key thing in the whole operation is to get a good import agent, and you say the bank will help?
M: I'm almost sure of it.
W: Preliminary studies are all very good, Paul. But if the product can't sell, then there's little use in expanding the factory.
M: Yes, I realize that, Shirley. But we have a very good product. The chief designer has just completed a new improved model.
W: I know your bikes have a very good reputation here, but you have to build up a reputation and a market in Africa.
M: Yes, of course. But the immediate problem is that my father-in-law wants a detailed report by next Monday. Two weeks isn't enough time to prepare a report, so I need your help.
W: OK, Paul. You've convinced me. I must say (15) I admire your determination.
12. Where does the conversation most probably take place?
答案：A
点睛解析：在对话开头，我们可以听到Cheers“干杯”和place for a business lunch“商务午餐场所”，由此可判断选A“在一家餐厅”。
13. What do we learn about the man's father-in-law?
答案：C
点睛解析：本题考查细节问题，问男士的岳父的情况。根据对话可知my father-in-law, who is also the Managing Director of Jayal Motors，选项C是正确答案。
14. What does the woman think is important in the whole operation?
答案：B
点睛解析：在对话中我们可以听到Now the key thing in the whole operation is to get a good import agent，选项B是该信息的原词复现，所以正确答案是B。
15. What does the woman admire in the man?
答案：D
点睛解析：在对话中我们可以听到I admire your determination，选项D是该信息的原词复现，所以选D。
© Section B
• Passage One
Scientists understand how twins are born. (16) Now, though, they are trying to explain how being half of a biological pair influences a twin's identity. They want to know why many identical twins make similar choices even when they don't live near each other. For example, Jim Springer and Jim Louis are identical twins. They were separated when they were only four months old. (17) The two Jims grew up in different families and did not meet for 39 years. When they finally met, they discovered some surprising similarities between them. Both men were married twice. Their first wives were named Linda, and their second wives were both named Betty. Both twins named their first sons James Allan. Scientists want to know what influences our personality. (17) They study pairs of identical twins who grew up in different surroundings, like Jim Springer and Jim Louis. (18) These twins help scientists understand the connection between environment and biology. Researchers at the University of Minnesota studied 350 sets of identical twins who did not grow up together. They discovered many similarities in their personalities. Scientists believe that personality characteristics such as friendliness, shyness and fears are not a result of environment. These characteristics are probably inherited. Scientists continue to study identical twins because they are uncertain about them and have many questions. For example, they want to know "Can twins really communicate without speaking? Can one twin really feel another twin's pain?" Perhaps with more research scientists will find the answers.
16. What are scientists trying to explain according to the passage?
答案：A
点睛解析：本题问科学家试图解释什么。在短文开头我们听到的Now, though, they are trying to explain how being half of a biological pair influences a twin's identity.可知A为答案。
17. What do we learn about the twin Jims?
答案：B
点睛解析：短文中他们的第二任妻子都叫贝蒂，而不是琳达，首先排除A选项；短文中并未提及他们的第一个孩子都是女孩，排除C项；他们是39年没有见面，而不是在39岁的时候结婚，排除D选项；只有B选项“他们住在不同的环境里”符合题意，所以选B。
18. Why are scientists interested in studying identical twins raised in different families?
答案：A
点睛解析：文中我们可以听到These twins help scientists understand the connection between environment and biology.联系上下文可知选项A与题意相符，所以A是正确答案。
• Passage Two
Today I'm going to talk about tents. (19) Camping is still one of the cheapest ways of having a holiday. And each year, over three million people take camping vacations, either here in Britain or abroad, mostly on the Continent. Obviously, camping can't be as comfortable as living in a permanent house, but modern tents can be very comfortable indeed, with windows, bedrooms, kitchens and sitting-rooms. (20) The most popular tent sold in Britain is the frame tent with two bedrooms and sleeping accommodation for four people. There is usually an outer tent of water-proof fabric and a lighter inner tent or tents with a built-in groundsheet. The outer tent fits over the framework. This is made of metal poles which are fitted together. The inner tent is attached to this frame. Generally, the inner tent is about half the area of the outer tent. The other half of the outer tent is the living area. This doesn't usually have a groundsheet, but you can buy one to fit, though it costs extra. The ordinary four-bed frame tent doesn't usually have a separate kitchen area, but the larger ones often do. (21) You can buy a kitchen extension for many tents, and it's worth buying one if you plan to stay camping in one place for more than a few days.
19. What does the speaker say about camping?
答案：D
点睛解析：在短文中，选项A和选项B并没有提到，首先可以被排除；短文开头可以听到一个关键词cheapest，与选项D中的inexpensive是同义词，D是正确答案。
20. What does the passage tell us about the most popular tent sold in Britain?
答案：B
点睛解析：根据短文，A“plastic frame”与文中的metal poles不符；C“it is very easy to set up”在文中并没有提到；D选项与文中意思不符；我们可以听到英国销售的最受欢迎的帐篷包含内外两个帐篷(一个outer tent和一个inner tent) ，B所述与此相符，故为答案。
21. What does the speaker suggest buying if you plan to stay camping in one place for more than a few days?
答案：C
点睛解析：在短文结尾处我们可以听到You can buy a kitchen extension for many tents, and it's worth buying one if you plan to stay camping in one place for more than a few days，C是该项信息的原词复现，所以选C。
• Passage Three
Andorra, one of the smallest countries in the world, is located high in the mountains between France and Spain. (22) The country covers only 179 square miles. That is less than half the size of New York City. High, rocky mountains surround Andorra. (23) Until the 1930s, travelers had difficulty in reaching the country. Up until that time, people in Andorra lived the way they had lived for centuries. Most Andorrans worked as farmers. Things did not change quickly. (24) When roads were built from France and Spain to Andorra in the 1930s, life picked up speed. Tourists began to visit the small country. These tourists brought in a lot of money to spend while visiting. Many people in Andorra found new jobs in shops or hotels. These changes helped to keep young people in Andorra. There were many more jobs than before the roads were built. Today tourists provide 80 to 90 percent of Andorra's income. More than a million people visit each year. They come to view the rough mountains. They enjoy the quiet way of life. Most people are also interested in the ancient buildings. There are many shops for tourists to browse in. Clothes, watches, wines and other items are sold at low prices in Andorra. Import fees are low, so tourists enjoy the inexpensive shopping. Most of the businesses in Andorra are owned by its citizens. There are not many foreign businesses. Some Andorrans still farm and raise sheep and cattle. (25)But most are now involved with the tourist trade.
22. How big does the speaker say Andorra is?
答案：A
点睛解析：在短文开头部分就可以听到The country covers only 179 square miles. That is less than half the size of New York City.它比纽约的一半还小，所以B选项与题意不符；它占地179平方英里，而不是97平方公里，C选项错误；文中没有提它是西班牙的一半，所以D选项错误。选A。
23. What can be said about Andorra before the 1930s?
答案：D
点睛解析：在短文中我们可以听到Until the 1930s, travelers had difficulty reaching the country. Up until that time, people in Andorra lived the way they had lived for centuries.选项A、B、C与题意不符，选项D“与世界其他地方隔断”与题意相符，故答案为D。
24. What event changed the situation in Andorra?
答案：C
点睛解析：在短文中我们可以听到When roads were built from France and Spain to Andorra in the 1930s, life picked up speed.由此可知是修了与邻国的道路，使得安道尔的生活节奏加快了，而选项A、B、D在文中并没有提到，选项C与题意相符，所以C是正确答案。
25. What do most people in Andorra do nowadays?
答案：B
点睛解析：短文结尾处提到大部分人在从事旅游贸易，所以选项B是正确答案。
© Section C
26. familiar
点睛解析：此空格需要填入系动词sound的表语。familiar意为“熟悉的”。
27. put forward
点睛解析：此空格需要填入过去分词，与空格后的by parents or others close to us一起作后置定语，修饰suggestions。put forward意为“提出”。
28. caution
点睛解析：此空格需要填入名词性成分，作介词with的宾语。caution意为“谨慎”。
29. live with
点睛解析：此空格需要填入动词(词组) 原形，与空格前的情态动词must一起作who引导的定语从句的谓语。live with意为“忍受，容忍”。
30. alternatives
点睛解析：此空格需要填入名词性成分，作considered的宾语。alternative意为“可供选择的事物”，注意不要漏掉词尾的s。
31. ignore
点睛解析：此空格需要填入动词原形，与空格前的情态动词should —起构成that引导的宾语从句的谓语。ignore意为“忽略”。
32. participated
点睛解析：此空格位于having和介词短语in... history 之间，可能需要填入名词或动词的过去分词形式。participate in意为“参与”，此处表示“父母参与了你人生中很多经历”。participate的过去分词形式是在其原形基础上加d。
33. in need of
点睛解析：空格所在处是对child的补充说明。in need of意为“需要……的”。
34. focus only on
点睛解析：此空格需要填入动词原形，与空格前的情态动词may —起构成句子的谓语。focus only on意为“只关注”。
35. judgments
点睛解析：此空格需要填入名词性成分，作make的宾语。judgment意为“判断”，注意词尾要加s。
Part III Reading Comprehension
© Section A
36.答案：F
点睛解析：此句的主语是innovations“创新”，谓语动词是were，空格处可填入名词、形容词或现在分词作表语。从语义上讲，该词应体现主语innovations与the prosperity of the nation“国家的繁荣”之间的关系，由此可推断，空格处应填critical“至关重要的”，表明这些创新对美国繁荣的重要性。
37. 答案：D
点睛解析：空格前是of，空格后是名词society，所以空格处应填入形容词修饰名词society。在各备选项中，语义上讲得通的只有contemporary和future两个形容词。联系上下文可判断，应该是contemporary society，即“当代”社会，而不是“未来”社会。故contemporary为答案。
38. 答案：K
点睛解析：空格位于because引导的原因状语从句中，结合空格前后的名词the United States和the world可知，空格处需填入动词。根据前面were possible可知，填入的动词应为过去式，各备选项中动词过去式只有led和 met。lead the world意为“领先于世界”，与第一句的leadership position“领先地位”相呼应，所以选led。
39. 答案：N
点睛解析：因为空格前为定冠词the，空格后为of短语，所以此处应填入名词或动名词。本句句意为“科学、数学以及工程学位的授予……在减少”，结合下一段首句中的The decline in degree production“学位产量的下降”，可知这一句是对空格处语句的复述，和production“产量”意思贴近的词只有proportions“比例”。学位产量下降，可指学位比例下降。因此填proportions。
40. 答案：C
点睛解析：空格处位于被动结构be related 之间，应填入副词，各备选项中只有actually, closely和especially三个是副词，而该句是表明“学位产量下降”与“美国学生在数学和科学方面获得的国际评估不佳”之间的关系，联系上下文可知，二者之间关系紧密，closely“紧密地”，最符合题意。
41. 答案：E
点睛解析：空格前一句提到许多大学新生的数学基础薄弱，而且空格位于谓语动词take之后，应填入名词作take的宾语，符合语境的是courses“课程”，填入空格意为“大学新生因为数学基础薄弱而需要补修数学课”。
42. 答案：B
点睛解析：空格位于谓语动词complete前面，主干完整，所以该处需填入副词，修饰动词complete。该分句也是在讲学生数学基础薄弱的情况，各备选副词中，符合语境的是actually“实际上”，填入空格意为“计划主修科学或工程的学生只有不到一半能实际完成这些学科的专业学习”。
43. 答案：I
点睛解析：空格处位于who引导的定语从句中，表明“有技能的大学毕业生，___有数学技能的大学生人数减少”。联系前面提到的很多大学新生的数学基础薄弱和22％的大学新生必须补修数学课，可知空格处填副词especially“特别是”，表明掌握数学技能的大学生尤其欠缺，在语法和语义上均符合文中语境。
44. 答案：G
点睛解析：空格前面是定冠词the，后面是名词performance，所以应填入形容词作定语。表达负面意义的现在分词declining符合语境，填入空格意为“表现一直下降”，该词也能与后面的increased competition“竞争日益增加”形成对比。
45. 答案：H
点睛解析：空格位于谓语动词earn之后，需填入名词或动名词作宾语。此处是将发展中国家的学生和美国学生在STEM学科方面获取的___作对比，degree符合语境，填入空格意为“发展中国家有更多的学生获得STEM学科学位”。
© Section B
46. 答案：B
点睛解析：根据题目中的improve people's health以及medical expenses“医疗费用”可定位到B段。该段中sugar...should be avoided，与题目中的avoiding over-consumption“避免过度食用”对应；而该段第一句spare...people a lifetime of...ill health“使人们终生远离不健康”与题目中的improve people's health“改善人们的健康状况”同义；save...NHS...￡l4 billion a year则与题目中的save medical expenses“节省医疗开支”对应。由此可知选B段。
47. 答案：N
点睛解析：根据题目中的关键信息laws, illegal可定位到N段。N段第一句Clearly, the sale of such stuff ought to be illegal.和最后一句的What is needed is legislation与题目中的Laws should be passed相对应。故答案为N。
48. 答案：M
点睛解析：根据题目中的child abuse“虐待儿童”可定位到M段最后一句。该句中的“整天给小孩子喝甜饮料或瓶装的勾兑果汁”与题目中的“一直给小孩子甜果汁喝”意思基本一致。而is nothing less than child abuse“不亚于虐待儿童”则与题目中的is equal to child abuse“等同于虐待儿童”同义。由此可知答案为M。
49. 答案：A
点睛解析：根据题干信息可定位到第一段最后两句。A段中的looking around the carriage“环顾车厢四周”对应了题目中的looking around，末句则总结，这是肥胖症流行病的缩影(part of...an epidemic of obesity) ，与题目中的obesity quite widespread“肥胖症普遍存在”对应，故答案为A。
50. 答案：E
点睛解析：根据题目中的The number of obese people is expected to increase quickly和in the next few decades可定位到E段。该段中that number is predicted to double by the year 2050，这一句中that number指代的是这个国家胖子的数量，这与题目说的“胖子数量快速增长”对应。由此判断E为正确答案。
51. 答案：C
点睛解析：根据题目中的support government measures against sugar consumption可定位到C段。该段They might even feel driven to support government measures to prevent people from consuming this deadly stuff.这与题目中的“支持政府抵制糖消费的措施”对应，因此本题是对C段内容的概括。
52. 答案：G
点睛解析：根据题干信息可定位到G段。该段首句提到要对含糖饮料在原有的基础上再另行征税，与题目中的an additional tax“额外的税”相对应；而第二句提到这是一个excellent start“良好的开端”，这与题目中的good beginning对应，所以选G。
53. 答案：O
点睛解析：本题内容提到政府对糖消费的控制，结合题目中的regulate可定位到O段。该段首句提到“政府……未排除控制糖消费”，这与题目后半句its intention to do so“原本打算控制糖消费”对应；而第二句的nothing has happened yet“尚未有任何举措出台”则能与题目的“还没有采取任何行动”对应上，故判断题目信息来自O段。
54. 答案：H
点睛解析：根据题干信息harmful to health以及fat and salt可定位到H段。该段中The risks of...pale into insignificance compared with...说明了与糖类相比，脂肪或盐的危害是微不足道的，这与题目信息相符。
55. 答案：L
点睛解析：根据题干信息...are not really to blame可定位到L段。L段提及糖类添加剂很难被识别(not easy to identify) ，这与题目的后半句cannot tell what food is sugary“没法判断什么食物含糖”相对应。L段第三句提及因零食、饮食过度而发胖的人错不在其自身(not really their own fault) ，这与题目的“甜食消费者不应该受到谴责”相符。因此选L。
© Section C
• Passage One
56. 答案：A
点睛解析：根据题干中的the rise of the Internet, printing press和the telegraph定位至第一段第一句。B“它使日常交流更加便利”在原文中虽有涉及，但这只是网络的影响力，却不是网络与电报、印刷机发明的共同点。C“它被所有人采用”过于绝对，与第三段首句的“现在全球还有50亿人未上网”相矛盾。原文未提及“思想方面的变革”，故排除D“它使人们的思想发生了革命性的改变”。A选项符合原文。
57. 答案：B
点睛解析：根据题干中的Schmidt and Cohen可定位至第二段。题目问两人如何描述网络的影响。第二段整段是关于两人对网络影响力的描述。在本段结尾处提到the effects are fully global，与B“影响是全球的”相对应，故答案为B。
58. 答案：C
点睛解析：根据题干中的The New Digital Age和inadequate定位至第三段最后一句。题目问《新数码时代》一书有什么不足之处。第三段最后一句But if the book has one major shortcoming, it's that the authors don't spend enough time applying a critical eye to the role of Internet businesses in these sweeping changes. critical“批判的”，指判断事物要全面客观，C中的objective与之意思相近，符合原文。
59. 答案：A
点睛解析：根据题干中的the future be like定位至第四段。第四段第一句提到作者在书中预测了网络对未来生活的影响，最后一句具体描述人们的网络生活，说个人、企业、机构以及政府必须应对两个现实(two realities) ，一个是实体世界(one physical) ，一个是虚拟世界(one virtual) 。选项A“人们将生活在两个不同的现实中”符合原文。
60.答案：D
点睛解析：选项A“关于网络，他们留下了很多问题没有回答”和选项C“他们对虚拟世界的未知领域展开探索”在文中均未提及。选项B“他们对网络革命的未来是乐观的”虽然符合文中的表达optimistic about many aspects of the Internet“对网络的很多方面持乐观态度”，但忽略了文章最后有关网络风险的态度，因此B不够全面。所以选D。
• Passage Two
61. 答案：B
点睛解析：根据题干中的autoworkers in 1950定位至第一段。第一段第二句的in that year指代首句的1950年，该句提及“1950年普通的汽车工人只需要用税后工资的13.4％ 就可以应付每月的房贷”，而第三句讲到现在需用该比例的两倍多来支付房贷(more than twice that share) 。这就暗示和现在相比，1950年的汽车工人买房子相对轻松，故B“他们买房子并不太难”正确。
62. 答案：C
点睛解析：根据题干信息定位至第二段。本题询问如今的退休人士的情况。第二段第二句的His retired parents对应题干中的retired people today，该句提到他们当时的经济保障更少(had less economic security back then) ，选项C“如今的退休人士觉得比过去在经济上更有安全感”是对该句的正话反说，意义相同，所以选C。
63. 答案：B
点睛解析：根据题干中的white suburban neighborhood定位至第四段。本题问黑人职员不能在白人居住的郊外社区买房的原因。第四段结尾处的prevented them from buying...white working-class families“阻止他们在为白人而建的社区买房”与题干对应，参考该分句的主语racially restrictive agreements“种族限制协议”，故B“他们遭受了种族不平等待遇”正确。
64. 答案：A
点睛解析：根据题干中的信息定位至第五段第二、三句。本题问无过错离婚的后果是什么。第五段第二句指出，在过去离婚是很困难的(divorce was still hard to come by) ，该句暗示现在离婚容易多了；而第三句则提到无过错离婚减少了离婚拉锯战(has reduced the bargaining power) ，bargaining power在这里引申为“离婚过程中的牵扯不清”，故该句也说明了现在离婚变得容易了，所以选A“离婚更容易了”。
65. 答案：D
点睛解析：根据题干信息定位至最后一段。本题问作者建议社会做些什么。文章最后一句提到Finding ways to improve...seems more realistic，由more realistic可看出作者赞同这种做法，即建议社会想办法改善剩下的20％的家庭的生活。再结合上一句的“80％的美国人相信他们目前的家庭关系还和他们小时候一样、或者更亲密”，可知剩下的20％的家庭是指“关系不亲密的家庭”，即存在问题的家庭，故选项D“改善有问题的家庭的生活”与此相符，所以选D。
Part IV Translation
The giant panda is a kind of mild animal with a unique black and white fur. Because of its very small number, it has been listed as an endangered species. The giant panda is of a special significance to the WWF. The giant panda has been its symbol since the WWF was founded in 1961. Being the rarest member of the bear family, the giant panda mainly lives in the forests of Southwest China. At present, only about 1,000 have remained across the world. These bamboo-eating animals are now faced with a lot of threats. Therefore, to ensure the survival of the giant panda is more important than ever. 超精讲，分类练，英语四级简单过