2016年6月大学英语四级真题及答案解析(卷1)
Part 01
大学英语四级历年真题与解析
2016年6月大学英语四级真题及答案解析(卷1)
Part I Writing
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to express your thanks to one of your friends who helped you most when you were in difficulty. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
Part II Listening Comprehension
© Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.
1. A) The International Labor Organization's key objective.
B) The basic social protection for the most vulnerable.
C) Rising unemployment worldwide.
D) Global economic recovery.
2. A) Many countries have not taken measures to create enough jobs.
B) Few countries know how to address the current economic crisis.
C) Few countries have realized the seriousness of the current crisis.
D) Many countries need support to improve their people's livelihood.
Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.
3. A) Serve standardized food nationwide. B) Put calorie information on the menu.
C) Increase protein content in the food. D) Offer convenient food to customers.
4. A) They will be fined. B) They will be closed.
C) They will get a warning. D) They will lose customers.
Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.
5. A) Inability to implement their business plans.
B) Inability to keep turning out novel products.
C) Lack of a successful business model of their own.
D) Failure to integrate innovation into their business.
6. A) It is the secret to business success. B) It is the creation of something new.
C) It is a magic tool to bring big rewards. D) It is an essential part of business culture.
7. A) Its hardworking employees. B) Its flexible promotion strategy.
C) Its innovation culture. D) Its willingness to make investments.
© Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation you will hear four questions. Both the conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
8. A) He's got addicted to technology. B) He is not very good at socializing.
C) He is crazy about text-messaging. D) He does not talk long on the phone.
9. A) Talk big. B) Talk at length. C) Gossip a lot. D) Forget herself.
10. A) He thought it was cool. B) He needed the practice.
C) He wanted to stay connected with them. D) He had an urgent message to send.
11. A) It poses a challenge to seniors. B) It saves both time and money.
C) It is childish and unprofessional. D) It is cool and convenient.
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
12. A) He wants to change his job assignment.
B) He is unhappy with his department manager.
C) He thinks he deserves extra pay for overtime.
D) He is often singled out for criticism by his boss.
13. A) His workload was much too heavy. B) His immediate boss did not trust him.
C) His colleagues often refused to cooperate. D) His salary was too low for his responsibility.
14. A) He never knows how to refuse. B) He is always ready to help others.
C) His boss has a lot of trust in him. D) His boss has no sense of fairness.
15. A) Put all his complaints in writing. B) Wait and see what happens next.
C) Learn to say "no" when necessary. D) Talk to his boss in person first.
© Section C
Directions: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.
16. A) The importance of sleep to a healthy life.
B) Reasons for Americans' decline in sleep.
C) Some tips to improve the quality of sleep.
D) Diseases associated with lack of sleep.
17. A) They are more health-conscious. B) They are changing their living habits.
C) They get less and less sleep. D) They know the dangers of lack of sleep.
18. A) Their weight will go down. B) Their mind function will deteriorate.
C) Their work efficiency will decrease. D) Their blood pressure will rise.
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.
19. A) How much you can afford to pay.
B) What course you are going to choose.
C) Which university you are going to apply to.
D) When you are going to submit your application.
20. A) The list of courses studied. B) The full record of scores.
C) The references from teachers. D) The personal statement.
21. A) Specify what they would like to do after graduation.
B) Describe in detail how much they would enjoy studying.
C) Indicate they have reflected and thought about the subject.
D) Emphasize that they admire the professors in the university.
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.
22. A) It was equipped with rubber tyres. B) It was built in the late 19th century.
C) It was purchased by the Royal family. D) It was designed by an English engineer.
23. A) They consumed lots of petrol. B) They took two passengers only.
C) They were difficult to drive. D) They often broke down.
24. A) They were produced on the assembly line. B) They were built with less costly materials.
C) They were modeled after British cars. D) They were made for ordinary use.
25. A) It made news all over the world. B) It was built for the Royal family.
C) It marked a new era in motor travel. D) It attracted large numbers of motorists.
Part III Reading Comprehension
© Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Questions 26 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.
Physical activity does the body good, and there's growing evidence that it helps the brain too. Researchers in the Netherlands report that children who get more exercise, whether at school or on their own, (26) to have higher GPAs and better scores on standardized tests. In a (27) of 14 studies that looked at physical activity and academic (28) , investigators found that the more children moved, the better their grades were in school, (29) in the basic subjects of math, English and reading.
The data will certainly fuel the ongoing debate over whether physical education classes should be cut as schools struggle to (30) on smaller budgets. The arguments against physical education have included concerns that gym time may be taking away from study time. With standardized test scores in the U.S. (31) in recent years, some administrators believe students need to spend more time in the classroom instead of on the playground. But as these findings show, exercise and academics may not be (32) exclusive. Physical activity can improve blood (33) to the brain, fueling memory, attention and creativity, which are (34) to learning. And exercise releases hormones that can improve (35) and relieve stress, which can also help learning. So while it may seem as if kids are just exercising their bodies when they're running around, they may actually be exercising their brains as well.
A. attendance B. consequently C. current D. depressing
E. dropping F. essential G. feasible H. flow
I. mood J. mutually K. particularly L. performance
M. review N. survive O. tend
© Section B
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
Finding the Right Home—and Contentment, Too
A) When your elderly relative needs to enter some sort of long-term care facility—a moment few parents or children approach without fear—what you would like is to have everything made clear.
B) Does assisted living really mark a great improvement over a nursing home, or has the industry simply hired better interior designers? Are nursing homes as bad as people fear, or is that an out-moded stereotype(固定看法)? Can doing one's homework really steer families to the best places? It is genuinely hard to know.
C) I am about to make things more complicated by suggesting that what kind of facility an older person lives in may matter less than we have assumed. And that the characteristics adult children look for when they begin the search are not necessarily the things that make a difference to the people who are going to move in. I am not talking about the quality of care, let me hastily add. Nobody flourishes in a gloomy environment with irresponsible staff and a poor safety record. But an accumulating body of research indicates that some distinctions between one type of elder care and another have little real bearing on how well residents do.
D) The most recent of these studies, published in The Journal of Applied Gerontology, surveyed 150 Connecticut residents of assisted living, nursing homes and smaller residential care homes (known in some states as board and care homes or adult care homes). Researchers from the University of Connecticut Health Center asked the residents a large number of questions about their quality of life, emotional well-being and social interaction, as well as about the quality of the facilities.
E) "We thought we would see differences based on the housing types," said the lead author of the study, Julie Robison, an associate professor of medicine at the university. A reasonable assumption—don't families struggle to avoid nursing homes and suffer real guilt if they can't?
F) In the initial results, assisted living residents did paint the most positive picture. They were less likely to report symptoms of depression than those in the other facilities, for instance, and less likely to be bored or lonely. They scored higher on social interaction.
G) But when the researchers plugged in a number of other variables, such differences disappeared. It is not the housing type, they found, that creates differences in residents' responses. "It is the characteristics of the specific environment they are in, combined with their own personal characteristics—how healthy they feel they are, their age and marital status," Dr. Robison explained. Whether residents felt involved in the decision to move and how long they had lived there also proved significant.
H) An elderly person who describes herself as in poor health, therefore, might be no less depressed in assisted living (even if her children preferred it) than in a nursing home. A person who had input into where he would move and has had time to adapt to it might do as well in a nursing home as in a small residential care home, other factors being equal. It is an interaction between the person and the place, not the sort of place in itself, that leads to better or worse experiences. "You can't just say, 'Let's put this person in a residential care home instead of a nursing home—she will be much better off'," Dr. Robison said. "What matters," she added, "is a combination of what people bring in with them, and what they find there."
I) Such findings, which run counter to common sense, have surfaced before. In a multi-state study of assisted living, for instance, University of North Carolina researchers found that a host of variables—the facility's type, size or age; whether a chain owned it; how attractive the neighborhood was—had no significant relationship to how the residents fared in terms of illness, mental decline, hospitalizations or mortality. What mattered most was the residents' physical health and mental status. What people were like when they came in had greater consequence than what happened once they were there.
J) As I was considering all this, a press release from a respected research firm crossed my desk, announcing that the five-star rating system that Medicare developed in 2008 to help families compare nursing home quality also has little relationship to how satisfied its residents or their family members are. As a matter of fact, consumers expressed higher satisfaction with the one-star facilities, the lowest rated, than with the five-star ones. (More on this study and the star ratings will appear in a subsequent post.)
K) Before we collectively tear our hair out—how are we supposed to find our way in a landscape this confusing?—here is a thought from Dr. Philip Sloane, a geriatrician(老年病学专家) at the University of North Carolina: "In a way, that could be liberating for families."
L) Of course, sons and daughters want to visit the facilities, talk to the administrators and residents and other families, and do everything possible to fulfill their duties. But perhaps they don't have to turn themselves into private investigators or Congressional subcommittees. "Families can look a bit more for where the residents are going to be happy," Dr. Sloane said. And involving the future resident in the process can be very important.
M) We all have our own ideas about what would bring our parents happiness. They have their ideas, too. A friend recently took her mother to visit an expensive assisted living/nursing home near my town. I have seen this place—it is elegant, inside and out. But nobody greeted the daughter and mother when they arrived, though the visit had been planned; nobody introduced them to the other residents. When they had lunch in the dining room, they sat alone at a table.
N) The daughter feared her mother would be ignored there, and so she decided to move her into a more welcoming facility. Based on what is emerging from some of this research, that might have been as rational a way as any to reach a decision.
36. Many people feel guilty when they cannot find a place other than a nursing home for their parents.
37. Though it helps for children to investigate care facilities, involving their parents in the decision-making process may prove very important.
38. It is really difficult to tell if assisted living is better than a nursing home.
39. How a resident feels depends on an interaction between themselves and the care facility they live in.
40. The author thinks her friend made a rational decision in choosing a more hospitable place over an apparently elegant assisted living home.
41. The system Medicare developed to rate nursing home quality is of little help to finding a satisfactory place.
42. At first the researchers of the most recent study found residents in assisted living facilities gave higher scores on social interaction.
43. What kind of care facility old people live in may be less important than we think.
44. The findings of the latest research were similar to an earlier multi-state study of assisted living.
45. A resident's satisfaction with a care facility has much to do with whether they had participated in the decision to move in and how long they had stayed there.
© Section C
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
• Passage one
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
As Artificial Intelligence (AI) becomes increasingly sophisticated, there are growing concerns that robots could become a threat. This danger can be avoided, according to computer science professor Stuart Russell, if we figure out how to turn human values into a programmable code.
Russell argues that as robots take on more complicated tasks, it's necessary to translate our morals into AI language.
For example, if a robot does chores around the house, you wouldn't want it to put the pet cat in the oven to make dinner for the hungry children. "You would want that robot preloaded with a good set of values," said Russell.
Some robots are already programmed with basic human values. For example, mobile robots have been programmed to keep a comfortable distance from humans. Obviously there are cultural differences, but if you were talking to another person and they came up close in your personal space, you wouldn't think that's the kind of thing a properly brought-up person would do.
It will be possible to create more sophisticated moral machines, if only we can find a way to set out human values as clear rules.
Robots could also learn values from drawing patterns from large sets of data on human behavior. They are dangerous only if programmers are careless.
The biggest concern with robots going against human values is that human beings fail to so sufficient testing and they've produced a system that will break some kind of taboo(禁忌).
One simple check would be to program a robot to check the correct course of action with a human when presented with an unusual situation.
If the robot is unsure whether an animal is suitable for the microwave, it has the opportunity to stop, send out beeps(嘟嘟声), and ask for directions from a human. If we humans aren't quite sure about a decision, we go and ask somebody else.
The most difficult step in programming values will be deciding exactly what we believe in moral, and how to create a set of ethical rules. But if we come up with an answer, robots could be good for humanity.
46. What does the author say about the threat of robots?
A) It may constitute a challenge to computer programmers.
B) It accompanies all machinery involving high technology.
C) It can be avoided if human values are translated into their language.
D) It has become an inevitable peril as technology gets more sophisticated.
47. What would we think of a person who invades our personal space according to the author?
A) They are aggressive. B) They are outgoing.
C) They are ignorant. D) They are ill-bred.
48. How do robots learn human values?
A) By interacting with humans in everyday life situations.
B) By following the daily routines of civilized human beings.
C) By picking up patterns from massive data on human behavior.
D) By imitating the behavior of properly brought-up human beings.
49. What will a well-programmed robot do when facing an unusual situation?
A) Keep a distance from possible dangers.
B) Stop to seek advice from a human being.
C) Trigger its built-in alarm system at once.
D) Do sufficient testing before taking action.
50. What is most difficult to do when we turn human values into a programmable code?
A) Determine what is moral and ethical.
B) Design some large-scale experiments.
C) Set rules for man-machine interaction.
D) Develop a more sophisticated program.
• Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
Why do some people live to be older than others? You know the standard explanations: keeping a moderate diet, engaging in regular exercise, etc. But what effect does your personality have on your longevity(长寿)? Do some kinds of personalities lead to longer lives? A new study in The Journal of the American Geriatrics Society looked at this question by examining the personality characteristics of 246 children of people who had lived to be at least 100.
The study shows that those living the longest are more outgoing, more active and less neurotic(神经质的) than other people. Long-living women are also more likely to be sympathetic and cooperative than women with a normal life span. These findings are in agreement with what you would expect from the evolutionary theory: those who like to make friends and help others can gather enough resources to make it through tough times.
Interestingly, however, other characteristics that you might consider advantageous had no impact on whether study participants were likely to live longer. Those who were more self-disciplined, for instance, were no more likely to live to be very old. Also, being open to new ideas had no relationship to long life, which might explain all those bad-tempered old people who are fixed in their ways.
Whether you can successfully change your personality as an adult is the subject of a longstanding psychological debate. But the new paper suggests that if you want long life, you should strive to be as outgoing as possible.
Unfortunately, another recent study shows that your mother's personality may also help determine your longevity. That study looked at nearly 28,000 Norwegian mothers and found that those moms who were more anxious, depressed and angry were more likely to feed their kids unhealthy diets. Patterns of childhood eating can be hard to break when we're adults, which may mean that kids of depressed moms end up dying younger.
Personality isn't destiny(命运), and everyone knows that individuals can learn to change. But both studies show that long life isn't just a matter of your physical health but of your mental health.
51. The aim of the study in The Journal of the American Geriatrics Society is__.
A) to see whether people's personality affects their life span
B) to find out if one's lifestyle has any effect on their health
C) to investigate the role of exercise in living a long life
D) to examine all the factors contributing to longevity
52. What does the author imply about outgoing and sympathetic people?
A) They have a good understanding of evolution.
B) They are better at negotiating an agreement.
C) They generally appear more resourceful.
D) They are more likely to get over hardship.
53. What finding of the study might prove somewhat out of our expectation?
A) Easy-going people can also live a relatively long life.
B) Personality characteristics that prove advantageous actually vary with times.
C) Such personality characteristics as self-discipline have no effect on longevity.
D) Readiness to accept new ideas helps one enjoy longevity.
54. What does the recent study of Norwegian mothers show?
A) Children's personality characteristics are invariably determined by their mothers.
B) People with unhealthy eating habits are likely to die sooner.
C) Mothers' influence on children may last longer than fathers'.
D) Mothers' negative personality characteristics may affect their children's life spans.
55. What can we learn from the findings of the two new studies?
A) Anxiety and depression more often than not cut short one's life span.
B) Longevity results from a combination of mental and physical health.
C) Personality plays a decisive role in how healthy one is.
D) Health is in large part related to one's lifestyle.
Part IV Translation
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on the Answer Sheet 2.
功夫(Kong Fu) 是中国武术(martial arts) 的俗称。中国武术的起源可以追溯到自卫的需要、狩猎活动以及古代中国的军士训练。它是中国传统体育运动的一种，年轻人和老年人都练。它已逐渐演变成了中国文化的独特元素。作为中国的国宝，武术有上百种不同的风格，是世界上练得最多的武术形式。有些风格模仿了动物的动作，还有一些则受到了中国哲学思想、神话和传说的启发。
答案解析
Part I Writing
行文思路
这篇文章主要是写给朋友的一封感谢信。首先引出表示感谢的话，其次结合具体的事件作例子，最后抒发对朋友的感激之情。
第一段说明感谢的对象和原因。
第二段描述感谢朋友的具体事例。
第三段总结上文并抒发感激之情。
范文赏析
Dear Tom,
I am writing to express my heartfelt thanks to you for your help.
Last summer, we would hold the final exam. I studied and reviewed the lessons with you every day. Suddenly, on my way home from school one day, I was hit by a car. Fortunately, I was not in danger, but I needed to stay in hospital for some time. I was so worried, and I was afraid that I couldn't attend the exam. What made me moved was that you came to the hospital every day and helped me with my lessons. Moreover, you encouraged me a lot. With your help, I not only took the exam smoothly, but also got good grades.
You are my best friend, and I appreciate your help. If it weren't for you, I wouldn't have passed the exam.
Yours sincerely,
David
Part II 听力原文及答案解析
© Section A
• News Reports
News Report One
The International Labor Organization says the number of people without jobs is increasing. In its latest update on global employment trends, the agency says projections of the number of unemployed people this year range from 210 million to nearly 240 million people. The report warns that 200 million poor workers are at risk of joining the ranks of people living on less than 2 dollars per day in the past three years. The director general of the International Labor Organization Juan Somavia notes that some countries have taken measures to address the effects of the global crisis.
However, he points out that many countries have not done so. And based on past experiences, it takes four to five years after economic recovery for unemployment to return to pre-crisis levels. Mr. Somavia says the International Labor Organization is proposing a global jobs' agreement to deal with unemployment. "Its key objective is to play so the center of recovery efforts, measures that would generate high levels of employment and provide basic social protection for the most vulnerable."
1. What is the news report mainly about?
答案：C. Rising unemployment worldwide.
点睛解析：该题是主旨题。根据新闻的第一句...the number of people without jobs is increasing.可知，新闻是关于失业率上升的问题。所以选C。
2. What does, Juan Somavia, director general of the International Labor Organization say?
答案：C. Few countries have realized the seriousness of the current crisis.
点睛解析：Juan Somavia首先说道some countries have taken measures to address the effects of the global crisis，接着又指出many countries have not done so，所以选项C：很少有国家意识到当前危机的严重性，符合题意。
News Report Two
Big fast food chains in New York City have started to obey a first of its kind rule, requiring them to post calorie counts right on the menu. Cathy Nurses is with the New York City department of health, "We want to give people an opportunity to actually see the calories before they purchase the food and make a decision and inform decision. That if they want to make their healthier choice, if they want to eat fewer calories they can. And we expect this will have a huge impact on obesity. And of course, if it has an impact on obesity, it will have an impact on diabetes and heart disease and high blood pressure." The new rules will be introduced as a part of anti-obesity campaign. That also includes a recent citywide ban on artificial trans-fats in restaurant food. The menu roll only applies to restaurants that serve standardized potion sizes and have fifty more locations nationwide. Starting last Saturday, chains big enough to fall under the rule will face penalties about 2000 dollars for not showing calorie information in a prominent spot on their menus preferably next to the price.
3. What are big fast food chains in New York City required to do according to the new rule?
答案：B. Put calorie information on the menu.
点睛解析：根据新闻的第一句：...requiring them to post calorie counts right on the menu.可知，选项B是正确答案。
4. What would happen to big restaurant chains that violate the new rule?
答案：A. They will be fined.
点睛解析：新闻结尾部分提到：...chains big enough to fall under the rule will face penalties about 2,000 dollars for not showing calorie information...，所以违背新规则的大型餐饮连锁店将会被罚款。选A。
News Report Three
Almost all companies recognize the importance of innovation today. But not many are able to integrate innovation into their business.
A commentary in the Shanghai Daily points out that innovation doesn't mean piles of documents. It is something more practical. The article says many people tend to assume that innovation just means creating something new, but actually it's more than that. It's an attitude of doing things. A company should find ways to innovate not just in products but also in functions, business models and processes.
The article cites the global giant Procter & Gamble as an example, saying a real innovative company should develop an innovation culture and use it as a primary tool for success. Procter & Gamble has a "Corporate Innovation Fund" which offers big rewards for high-risk ideas that succeed. It also has a special innovation facility for its employees. Sometimes its employees are released from their daily jobs for weeks and spend their time interacting in the innovation facility instead. In conclusion, the article says innovative ideas alone do not ensure success. It's pointless unless there is a repeatable process in place to turn inspiration into financial performance.
5. What is the problem with many companies according to the news report?
答案：D. Failure to integrate innovation into their business.
点睛解析：新闻开头提到：But not many are able to integrate innovation into their business.选项D是同义替换，是正确答案。
6. What do many people tend to think of innovation?
答案：B. It is the creation of something new.
点睛解析：根据...many people tend to assume that innovation just means creating something new，可知B是正确答案。
7. What does the company Procter & Gamble owe its success to?
答案：C. Its innovation culture.
点睛解析：句意：一个真正创新的公司应该发展创新文化，并把它作为成功的主要工具。可知这家公司把成功归功于创新文化。
© Section B
• Conversations
Conversation One
M: So, Linzy, do you like to text message on your cell phone?
W: Yeah, I text message a lot.
M: I don't do it so much. I prefer to make a call if I'm in a hurry.
W: Yeah, I go both ways. Sometimes I don't really want to talk to the person. I just want to ask them one question, so it's much easier for me just to text message. If I call them, I'll have to have a long conversation.
M: Yeah, I can see what you mean. But I get off the phone pretty quickly when I call. I'm not a big talker.
W: Yeah, that's true. You don't talk a lot.
M: So are you fast at writing the messages with your thumb?
W: Well, when I first got a cell phone, I was so slow. I thought I would never text message. But then people kept text messaging me, so I felt obliged to learn how to text message. So now I'm pretty fast. What about you?
M: Actually I have the opposite problem. When I first got my cell phone, I thought it was so cool to text message all my friends who have one, and I was pretty fast with my thumb then. But it seems like now I don't use it so much; I've got slower actually.
W: Yeah, I think text messaging actually is what you have to do with your age. For example, people in high school, they text message a lot. But I ask my father if he texted messages, and guess what he said!
M: What?
W: He said he'd never text message. He thinks it's very childish and unprofessional to text message.
M: Yeah, I can see what he means. It's considered pretty informal to text message to someone.
8. What does the man say about himself?
答案：D. He does not talk long on the phone.
点睛解析：对话中男士说：But I get off the phone pretty quickly when I call. I'm not a big talker. 由此可知，男士打电话的时间不长。选D。
9. What does the woman tend to do while she is on the phone?
答案：B. Talk at length.
点睛解析：在对话中，女士说：If I call them, I'll have to have a long conversation. 由此可知，女士打电话的时候会说很长时间。选B。
10. Why did the man text message all his friends when he first got his cell phone?
答案：A. He thought it was cool.
点睛解析：男士说道：When I first got my cell phone, I thought it was so cool to text message all my friends who have one，所以选A。
11. What does the woman's father think of text messaging?
答案：C. It is childish and unprofessional.
点睛解析：根据He thinks it's very childish and unprofessional to text message.可知，选C。
Conversation Two
W: Good morning, Mr. Johnson. How can I help you?
M: Well, I'd like to talk to you about Tim Bond, the department manager.
W: What seems to be the problem?
M: Well, ever since Sandra left the department, I feel like I've been targeted to do all her work as well as mine. I'm expected to attend too many meetings and I seem to be spending a lot of my time doing unnecessary paper work.
W: I'm sorry to hear that.
M: And, on top of that, I'd specifically asked if I could leave early last Friday as I'd done a lot of overtime during the week. But that afternoon, even though I'd finished my assigned work, I was told to help other colleagues finish their work, too.
W: But surely that's a positive sign showing that Mr. Bond has a lot of trust in you.
M: Yes, but other colleagues get to leave early, and they don't have such a lot of work to do.
W: So you feel he's really making unrealistic demands on you?
M: Yes, absolutely.
W: Have you approached Mr. Bond about this particular problem?
M: I've tried, but it seems like he just has no time for me.
W: Well, at this stage, it would be better if you approach him directly, if nothing else shows that you've tried to solve the problem yourself before you take it further. Makes it clear that you're not just a complainer. Why don't you send an email requesting a meeting with him in private?
M: Hmm, I've been a bit worried about his reaction. But anyway I'll send him an email to request a meeting, and I'll see what happens from there. Thanks for your advice.
W: Good luck. And let us know the outcome.
12. What do we learn about the man from the conversation?
答案：B. He is unhappy with his department manager.
点睛解析：从对话中我们可以听出，男士在向女士抱怨...Tim Bond, the department manager.由此可知，选项B“他对部门经理不满意”，符合题意。
13. What is the man's chief complaint?
答案：A. His workload was much too heavy.
点睛解析：对话中男士向女士抱怨他的工作量太多，所以选A。
14. How does the woman interpret the fact that the man was asked to help his colleagues with their work?
答案：C. His boss has a lot of trust in him.
点睛解析：根据女士的话：...that's a positive sign showing that Mr. Bond has a lot of trust in you.可知选C。
15. What did the woman advise the man to do?
答案：D. Talk to his boss in person first.
点睛解析：女士向男士建议：Why don't you send an email requesting a meeting with him in private? in private和in person同义。选D。
© Section C
• Passages
Passage One
The massive decline in sleep happened so slowly and quietly that few seemed to notice the trend. Was it because of the growing attraction of the Internet, video games and endless TV channels? Never disconnecting from work? No matter how it happened, millions of Americans are putting their health, quality of life and even length of life in danger.
New evidence shows why getting enough sleep is a top priority. Some 40% of Americans get less than 7 hours of shut-eye on week nights. "The link between sleep and health, and bad sleep and disease is becoming clearer and clearer," says Lawrence Alberstaine, a sleep expert at Harvard University. For example, sleep duration has declined from some 8 hours in the 1950s to 7 in recent years. At the same time, high blood pressure has become an increasing problem. Blood pressure and heart rate are typically at their lowest levels during sleep. People who sleep less tend to have higher blood pressure, heart attack, diabetes, weight gain and other problems.
Sleeping better may help fight off illness. "When people are sleep-derived, there are higher levels of stress hormones in their bodies which can decrease immune function," says Doctor Felice, of Northwestern University in Chicago. A university of Chicago study shows people who sleep well live longer. So say good night sooner and it may help you stay active and vital to a ripe old age.
16. What is the speaker mainly talking about?
答案：A. The importance of sleep to a healthy life.
点睛解析：文章中提到了睡眠减少会引起的疾病，由此可知，文章主要是关于睡眠和健康的关系，所以选A。
17. What do we learn from the talk about today's Americans?
答案：C. They get less and less sleep.
点睛解析：根据文中Some 40% of Americans get less than 7 hours of shut-eye on week nights.可知，如今美国人的睡眠时间越来越少。所以选C。
18. What does the speaker say will happen to people who lack sleep?
答案：D. Their blood pressure will rise.
点睛解析：文章后半部分提到People who sleep less tend to have higher blood pressure...，所以选D。
Passage Two
Parents and teachers will tell you not to worry when applying for a place at a university, but in the same breath will remind you that it is the most important decision of your life.
The first decision is your choice of course. It will depend on what you want to get out of university, what you are good at and what you enjoy. The next decision is where to apply. Aim high but within reason. Do you have the right combination of subjects and are your expected grades likely to meet entry requirements? The deadline is January 15th. But it is best to submit your application early because universities begin work as soon as forms start rolling in.
The most important part of the application is the much feared personal statement. This is your chance to convey boundless enthusiasm for the subject. So economy of expression is foremost. Omit dull and ineffective generalities and make sure you give concrete examples.
Admissions officers read every personal statement that arrives. It is not convincing if you say you have chosen the subject because you enjoy it. You have to get across what it is about a particular area that has inspired you. They will look for evidence that you have reflected and thought about the subject.
Applicants should be honest. There is no point saying you run marathons, if you are going to be out of breath arriving at the interview on the second floor.
19. What is the first decision you should make in preparing to apply for a place at a university?
答案：B. What course you are going to choose.
点睛解析：文章前面提到The first decision is your choice of course.即你要选什么课程，所以选B。
20. What is the most important part of the application?
答案：D. The personal statement.
点睛解析：同义替换：The most important part of the application is the much feared personal statement.所以选D。
21. What must applicants do in their personal statements?
答案：C. Indicate they have reflected and thought about the subject.
点睛解析：文章结尾部分提到：They will look for evidence that you have reflected and thought about the subject.选项A、B和D与题意不符，选C。
Passage Three
It is usually agreed that a German, Carl Benz, built the first motor car in 1885. It was actually a tricycle with a petrol motor at the rear. Soon, members of the royal family and other wealthy people took up motoring as a sport. Many of the early cars had 2 seats. There were no petrol pumps and few garages, so every driver had to be his own engineer for the frequent breakdowns.
By 1905, cars began to look like cars of today, with head lamps, wind screen, rubble tires and number plates. Henry Ford's Model T introduced in America in 1909 was cheaper because it was made on the assembly line. It brought cars closer towards the reach of ordinary people. With the popularity of the car, registration became a must in 1903 with the motor car act. Competency tests were introduced in 1935.
Today, the legal driving age for a car in the UK is 17. You are not allowed to drive a car unsupervised until you have passed a driving test. In 1958, Britain celebrated the opening of its first motor way—the Preston Bypass. Until then, no one really understood what a motor way was, not even the laborers who were building it. The bypass held a new era in motor travel and was greeted with excitement and optimism. Service stations came with the motor way and the legend of the transport cafe was born. Of course, the service station has diversified greatly. But whether it's an English-cooked breakfast or a coffee and a sandwich, one thing has remained the same: the prices.
22. What does the speaker say about the first motor car?
答案：B. It was built in the late 19th century.
点睛解析：根据文章的第一句和第二句可知，人们普遍认为第一辆汽车是在19世纪后期制造的。选B。
23. What was the problem with the early cars in Britain?
答案：D. They often broke down.
点睛解析：文章开始部分提到：There were no petrol pumps and few garages, so every driver had to be his own engineer for the frequent breakdowns.即早期的车子经常出毛病，所以选D。
24. Why did Henry Ford's Model T cars cost less?
答案：A. They were produced on the assembly line.
点睛解析：文章中有明显的解释：...because it was made on the assembly line.选A。
25. What do we learn about the Preston Bypass?
答案：C. It marked a new era in motor travel.
点睛解析：选项A和B在文中没有提及，选项D与文意不符，根据文中The bypass held a new era in motor travel...，选项C是正确答案。
Part III阅读答案及点睛解析
© Section A
26. tend
点睛解析：tend to是固定搭配，表示“倾向于……”。
27. review
点睛解析：in a review of是固定搭配，意为“回顾”。
28. attendance
点睛解析：空格处为名词，根据分析，只有attendance, mood和performance符合条件，与physical activity并列，且与academic连用，只能是attendance。
29. particularly
点睛解析：空格处所在的整个句子完整，由此可知，空格处应为副词，后面的内容呈递进趋势，所以选K。
30. survive
点睛解析：空格处应为动词，flow流动， survive生存，存在。分析句意，survive是不及物动词，on smaller budgets在句子中是状语。
31. dropping
点睛解析：空格处应为动词的ing形式，在句中作状语，depressing沉闷的，dropping下降的，与成绩相关的只能是dropping。
32. mutually
点睛解析：exclusive是形容词，空格处为副词，修饰形容词。mutually exclusive是固定搭配，意为“互斥”。
33. flow
点睛解析：空格处是动词，flow流动，与blood一起连用，符合句意。
34. essential
点睛解析：空格处为形容词，只有essential必要的，本质的，符合题意。
35. performance
点睛解析：空格处应是名词，与后文的stress构成并列，选L。
© Section B
36. E
点睛解析：根据题干可定位至E段的最后一句：don't families struggle to avoid nursing homes and suffer real guilt if they can't?
37. L
点睛解析：L段的最后一句提到：And involving the future resident in the process can be very important. the future resident就是那些老人，孩子的父母。
38. B
点睛解析：题干中的tell if...is better than...和B段中的Does...really mark a great improvement over...同义。
39. H
点睛解析：题干中的How a resident feels和H段中的better or worse experiences相对应；between themselves and the care facility they live in和between the person and the place相对应。
40. N
点睛解析：题干中的a rational decision和N段中的as rational a way as any to reach a decision相对应；choosing a more hospitable place和a more welcoming facility相对应。
41. J
点睛解析：题干和J段中的system that Medicare developed in 2008 to help families compare nursing home quality also has little relationship to how satisfied its residents or their family members are相对应。
42. F
点睛解析：根据题干信息可定位至F段中的assisted living residents did paint the most positive picture和They scored higher on social interaction.
43. C
点睛解析：题干和C段中的what kind of facility an older person lives in may matter less than we have assumed相对应。
44. I
点睛解析：I段第一句提到：Such findings...have surfaced before，紧接着以举例的形式提到multi-state study of assisted living。
45. G
点睛解析：G段的最后一句提到：Whether residents felt involved in the decision to move and how long they had lived there also proved significant，该信息与题干对应。
© Section C
46. C
点睛解析：根据题干可定位至第一段。robots could become a threat，紧接着又提到这种威胁是可以避免的：if we figure out how to turn human values into a programmable code，选C。
47. D
点睛解析：根据题干信息可定位至第四段，该段第三句提到，you wouldn't think that's the kind of thing a properly brought-up person would do你无论如何也不会觉得这是一个有教养的人会做的事。ill-bred和properly brought-up是反义词，所以选D。
48. C
点睛解析：根据题干信息可定位至第六段，该段第一句提到Robots could also learn values from drawing patterns from large sets of data on human behavior，C项中的massive data on human behavior与此同义。
49. B
点睛解析：根据题干信息可定位至第八段，该段提到：One simple check would be to program a robot to check the correct course of action with a human when presented with an unusual situation.是对该题目的回答。
50. A
点睛解析：最后一段第一句就提到：The most difficult step in programming values will be deciding exactly what we believe in moral, and how to create a set of ethical rules.选项A是正确答案。
51. A
点睛解析：第一段中的两个问题正是该杂志的研究目标，选项A是这两个问题的概括，所以选A。
52. D
点睛解析：文章第二段最后一句提到：...those who like to make friends and help others can gather enough resources to make it through tough times，make it through tough times与get over hardship同义。选项B和C属于以偏概全，选项A没有提及。
53. C
点睛解析：根据题干信息可定位至第三段，该段提到：Those who were more self-disciplined, for instance, were no more likely to live to be very old.自律的人并不会更加长寿，选项C与此同义。
54. D
点睛解析：根据题干信息可定位至第五段，该段提到：...those moms who were more anxious, depressed and angry were more likely to feed their kids unhealthy diets.选D。
55. B
点睛解析：文章最后一句提到：long life isn't just a matter of your physical health but of your mental health长寿不仅是生理健康问题，更是精神健康问题。选项B是该信息的同义表述。
Part IV Translation
Kong Fu is commonly known as Chinese martial arts. The origin of Chinese martial arts can be traced back to the needs of self-defense, hunting and ancient Chinese soldiers' training. It is a kind of Chinese traditional sports, and both the young and old are practicing. It has gradually evolved into a unique element of Chinese culture. As China's national treasure, there are hundreds of different styles of martial arts, which is the world's most practiced form. Some styles imitate the movements of animals, while others are inspired by Chinese philosophical ideas, myths and legends. 超精讲，分类练，英语四级简单过