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　　4.7 Data Collection and Analysis

　　The following methods were used to collect data in the study:

　　(a) Measures of the participants' reported use of metacognitive listening awareness were obtained from the questionnaire (the MALQ) in terms of Likert scales on the five sub-sets of metacognitive listening awareness.

　　(b) Measures of the participants' listening comprehension were obtained from their scores on the listening tasks.

　　(c) Measures of the participants' incidental acquisition of vocabulary were obtained from their scores on the vocabulary posttests.

　　The following methods were used to analyze data of variables in the study:

　　(a) Pearson Product Moment Correlation was used and data were calculated to measure the relationship between the participants' metacognitive listening awareness and their listening comprehension as well as their incidental vocabulary acquisition.

　　(b) Listening comprehension scores were compared separately with each vocabulary acquisition test scores.

　　(c) ANOVA were used to examine the effects of the four listening conditions on the participants' listening comprehension and incidental vocabulary acquisition. 元认知策略研究：二语听力理解与附带词汇习得（英文版）