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　　6.1 Introduction

　　One of the aims of the research reported in this thesis is to examine the relationship between learners' metacognitive listening awareness and both their listening comprehension and their acquisition of new vocabulary. This chapter will consider the results relating to this aim.

　　The key variables to be examined in this chapter are:

　　(a) metacognitive listening awareness;

　　(b) listening comprehension; and

　　(c) vocabulary acquisition.

　　Except for the Metacognitive Awareness Listening Questionnaire, the instruments and procedures used to measure these variables were described in detail in Chapter 4 (Methodology) and the previous chapter. To facilitate processing of the results reported below, Metacognitive Listening Awareness Questionnaire is briefly described here again.

　　The learners' metacognitive listening awareness was measured by means of Vandergrift's Metacognitive Awareness Listening Questionnaire (MALQ), which consists of 21 items designed to measure such five aspects of metacognitive listening awareness as:

　　(a) planning-evaluation (strategies learners use to prepare themselves for listening and evaluate the results of their listening efforts) ;

　　(b) directed attention (strategies learners use to concentrate and to stay on task) ;

　　(c) person knowledge (learners'perceptions concerning the difficulty presented by L2 listening and their self-efficacy in L2 listening) ;

　　(d) mental translation (online mental translation strategies) ; and

　　(e) problem solving (strategies learners use to guess at what they do not understand [inference] and to monitor these inferences).

　　The MALQ has a 6-point scale assessment (1-6, from strongly disagree to strongly agree), and the learners' metacognitive listening awareness is indicated by the number on the scale they chose from the questionnaire.

　　As the descriptive data of listening comprehension and vocabulary acquisition were reported in the previous chapter, only the descriptive data for metacognitive listening awareness will be presented in this chapter. Next, the results for Research Questions Three and Four will follow. Finally is a discussion of the results. 元认知策略研究：二语听力理解与附带词汇习得（英文版）